World is a common name for the whole of human civilization, specifically human experience, history, or the human condition in general, ''worldwide'', i.e. anywhere on Earth.

In a philosophical context it may refer to: (1) the whole of the physical Universe, or (2) an ontological world (''see world disclosure''). In a theological context, ''world'' usually refers to the material or the profane sphere, as opposed to the celestial, spiritual, transcendent or sacred. The "end of the world" refers to scenarios of the final end of human history, often in religious contexts.

World history is commonly understood as spanning the major geopolitical developments of about five millennia, from the first civilizations to the present.

World population is the sum of all human populations at any time; similarly, world economy is the sum of the economies of all societies (all countries), especially in the context of globalization. Terms like world championship, gross world product, world flags etc. also imply the sum or combination of all current-day sovereign states.

In terms such as world religion, world language, and world war, ''world'' suggests international or intercontinental scope without necessarily implying participation of the entire world.

In terms such as world map and world climate, ''world'' is used in the sense detached from human culture or civilization, referring to the planet Earth physically.

Etymology and Usage

The English word ''world'' comes from the Old English ''weorold (-uld), weorld, worold (-uld, -eld)'', a compound of ''wer'' "man" and ''eld'' "age," which thus means roughly "Age of Man." The Old English is a reflex of the Common Germanic ''*wira-alđiz'', also reflected in Old Saxon ''werold'', Old High German ''weralt'', Old Frisian ''warld'' and Old Norse ''verǫld'' (whence the Icelandic ''veröld'').

The corresponding word in Latin ''mundus'', literally "clean, elegant", itself a loan translation of Greek ''cosmos'' "orderly arrangement." While the Germanic word thus reflects a mythological notion of a "domain of Man" (compare Midgard), presumably as opposed to the divine sphere on the one hand and the chthonic sphere of the underworld on the other, the Greco-Latin term expresses a notion of creation as an act of establishing order out of chaos.

'World' distinguishes the entire planet or population from any particular country or region: ''world affairs'' pertain not just to one place but to the whole world, and ''world history'' is a field of history that examines events from a global (rather than a national or a regional) perspective. ''Earth'', on the other hand, refers to the planet as a physical entity, and distinguishes it from other planets and physical objects.

'''World''' can also be used attributively, to mean 'global', 'relating to the whole world', forming usages such as world community or world canonical texts.

By extension, a '''world''' may refer to any planet or heavenly body, especially when it is thought of as inhabited, especially in the context of science fiction or futurology.

'''World''', in original sense, when qualified, can also refer to a particular domain of human experience.

The ''world of work'' describes paid work and the pursuit of career, in all its social aspects, to distinguish it from home life and academic study.

The ''fashion world'' describes the environment of the designers, fashion houses and consumers that make up the fashion industry.

historically, the ''New World'' vs. the ''Old World'', referring to the parts of the world colonized in the wake of the age of discovery. Now mostly used in zoology and botany, as New World monkey.

Philosophy

In philosophy, the term world has several possible meanings. In some contexts, it refers to everything that makes up reality or the physical universe. In others, it can mean have a specific ontological sense (see world disclosure). While clarifying the concept of world has arguably always been among the basic tasks of Western philosophy, this theme appears to have been raised explicitly only at the start of the twentieth century and has been the subject of continuous debate. The question of what the world is has by no means been settled.

;Parmenides The traditional interpretation of Parmenides' work is that he argued that the every-day perception of reality of the physical world (as described in doxa) is mistaken, and that the reality of the world is 'One Being' (as described in aletheia): an unchanging, ungenerated, indestructible whole.

;Plato In his Allegory of the Cave, Plato distingues between forms and ideas and imagines two distinct worlds : the sensible world and the intelligible world.

;Hegel In Hegel's philosophy of history, the expression ''Weltgeschichte ist Weltgericht'' (World History is a tribunal that judges the World) is used to assert the view that History is what judges men, their actions and their opinions. Science is born from the desire to transform the World in relation to Man ; its final end is technical application.

;Schopenhauer ''The World as Will and Representation'' is the central work of Arthur Schopenhauer. Schopenhauer saw the human will as our one window to the world behind the representation; the Kantian thing-in-itself. He believed, therefore, that we could gain knowledge about the thing-in-itself, something Kant said was impossible, since the rest of the relationship between representation and thing-in-itself could be understood by analogy to the relationship between human will and human body.

;Wittgenstein Two definitions that were both put forward in the 1920s, however, suggest the range of available opinion. "The world is everything that is the case," wrote Ludwig Wittgenstein in his influential ''Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'', first published in 1922. This definition would serve as the basis of logical positivism, with its assumption that there is exactly one world, consisting of the totality of facts, regardless of the interpretations that individual people may make of them.

;Heidegger Martin Heidegger, meanwhile, argued that "the surrounding world is different for each of us, and notwithstanding that we move about in a common world". The world, for Heidegger, was that into which we are always already "thrown" and with which we, as beings-in-the-world, must come to terms. His conception of "world disclosure" was most notably elaborated in his 1927 work ''Being and Time''.

;Freud In response, Freud proposed that we do not move about in a common world, but a common thought process. He believed that all the actions of a person is motivated by one thing: lust. This led to numerous theories about reactionary consciousness.

;Other Some philosophers, often inspired by David Lewis, argue that metaphysical concepts such as possibility, probability and necessity are best analyzed by comparing ''the'' world to a range of possible worlds; a view commonly known as modal realism.

Religion and mythology

Mythological cosmologies often depict the world as centered around an axis mundi and delimited by a boundary such as a world ocean, a world serpent or similar.

See also

Globe

List of sovereign states

Universe

References

External links

Category:Earth

ar:عالَم arc:ܥܠܡܐ (ܐܪܥܐ) ay:Pacha zh-min-nan:Sè-kài bg:Свят bi:Wol ca:Món ceb:Kalibotan cs:Svět de:Welt dv:ދުނިޔެ es:Mundo eo:Mondo ext:Mundu eu:Mundu fa:جهان fr:Monde (univers) gd:Cruinne-cè ko:세계 hi:जगत hr:Svijet io:Mondo ia:Mundo it:Mondo he:עולם ka:მსოფლიო kk:Дүние жүзі ht:Lemonn ku:Cîhan lv:Pasaule lmo:Mond ml:ലോകം mt:Dinja mr:जग mwl:Mundo nl:Wereld (Aarde) ne:विश्व ja:世界 nap:Munno nn:Verd uz:Dunyo pnb:دنیا ps:نړۍ km:ពិភពលោក tpi:Wol pt:Mundo qu:Kay pacha ru:Мир (Земля) sco:Warld stq:Waareld sq:Bota scn:Munnu simple:World ss:Úmhlâba sk:Svet sh:Svijet sv:Världen tl:Mundo te:ప్రపంచము tg:Ҷаҳон uk:Світ ur:دُنیا vi:Thế giới vo:Vol wo:Àdduna yi:וועלט yo:Àgbáyé bat-smg:Sviets zh:世界

James Gordon "Bo" Gritz (born January 18, 1939, in Enid, Oklahoma; surname "Gritz" rhymes with "bites") is a former United States Army Special Forces officer who served in the Vietnam War. His post-war activities notably attempted POW rescues in conjunction with the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue have proven controversial. Gritz lives near Sandy Valley, Nevada with his wife Judy.

U.S. military service

Lt. Col. James G. "Bo" Gritz commanded detachment "B-36," U.S. Army Special Forces 5th SFG for a time. B-36 was a mixed American and South Vietnamese unit which operated in the III Corps area of Southern South Vietnam. He remained a Special Forces officer until he resigned his commission in 1979 at the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.

Gritz' huge claimed array of military awards has been drawn into question. A memo regarding his awards and award recommendations during his time in Vietnam seems to indicate that Gritz was personally involved with the recommendation of some of his medals, including the Legion of Merit, and that some of his awards recommendations cited the same missions and incidents, effectively awarding Gritz multiple medals for the same missions, including the Legion of Merit, Air Medal, Silver Star, Bronze Star, and Army Commendation Medal.

Attempts to locate prisoners of war

During the 1980s Gritz undertook a series of private trips into Southeast Asia, purportedly to locate United States prisoners of war which as part of the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue some believed were still being held by Laos and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam e.g., at Nhommarath. Those missions were heavily publicized, controversial and widely decried as haphazard for instance, as some commentators stated, few successful secret missions involve bringing to the border towns women openly marketing commemorative POW-rescue T-shirts.

In the book ''Inside Delta Force'', CSM Eric L. Haney, a former Delta Force operator, claims that the unit was twice told to prepare for a mission involving the rescue of American POWs from Vietnam. However, both times the missions were scrubbed, according to Haney, when Gritz suddenly appeared in the spotlight, drawing too much attention to the issue and making the missions too difficult to accomplish.

Allegations of U.S. Government involvement in drug trafficking

In 1986, after a trip to Burma to interview drug kingpin Khun Sa regarding possible locations of U.S. POWs, Gritz returned from Burma with a videotaped interview of Khun Sa purporting to name several officials in the Reagan administration involved in narcotics trafficking in Southeast Asia. Among those named was Richard Armitage, who most recently served as Deputy Secretary of State during George W. Bush's first term as President. Gritz believed that those same officials were involved in a coverup of missing American POWs.

During this period Gritz established contacts with the Christic Institute, a progressive group which was then pursuing a lawsuit against the U.S. government over charges of drug trafficking in both Southeast Asia and Central America.

Conspiracy researcher

In 1989, Gritz established the Center For Action, which was active on a number of issues, mostly pertaining to conspiracy theories. Attempting to build bridges among conspiracy theorists and other activists of both the left and right, in 1990 he held a conference in Las Vegas, Nevada called "Freedom Call '90". Speakers at that conference included October surprise conspiracy researcher Barbara Honegger, Bill Davis of the Christic Institute, conspiracy theorist Eustace Mullins, and several others. This newfound interest in conspiracy theories proved to be as controversial as Gritz's earlier missions searching for POWs.

Anti-war activities

During the 1991 Persian Gulf War, Gritz was an outspoken opponent of that war, and linked it to a conspiracy theory alleging plans to implement a one-world government, known as the "new world order." He appeared on Pacifica Radio stations in California as a guest several times, and for a short time was in demand as a speaker to left-wing and anti-war audiences. However, during this period he also became closely associated with the Christian Patriot movement on the right, and spoke at conferences sponsored by Christian Identity pastor Pete Peters. When these associations became known to those on the left, especially after the publication of a report by the Los Angeles-based group People Against Racist Terror calling Gritz a "front man for fascism", left-wing audiences lost interest in Gritz, and the Christic Institute and Pacifica Radio cut off any further association.

Writings

Gritz is the author of three books. The first, ''A Nation Betrayed'', was published in 1989 and contained Gritz's allegations of drug trafficking and a POW coverup, based on the Khun Sa interview. The second, ''Called To Serve'', was published in 1992 and expanded on the previous book to cover a wide range of conspiracies, including the assassination of John F. Kennedy, and allegations of a conspiracy to establish a new world order. His third book is titled ''My Brother's Keeper'' and was published in 2003.

Populist Party presidential tickets

In 1988, Gritz was the candidate for Vice President of the United States on the Populist Party ticket, as the running mate of former Ku Klux Klansman David Duke. Gritz pulled out early in the race and ran instead for a Nevada Congressional seat. Gritz was then replaced with Floyd Parker on some ballots. Gritz has claimed he accepted the party's nomination with the belief he would be the running mate of James Trafficant, and that sometime after learning it would be not be Trafficant but Duke and sometime after meeting Duke, he decided to drop out.

In 1992, Gritz ran for President of the United States, again with the Populist Party. Under the campaign slogan "God, Guns and Gritz" and publishing his political manifesto "The Bill of Gritz" (playing on his last name rhyming with "rights"), he called for staunch opposition to what he called "global government" and "The New World Order", ending all foreign aid, and abolishing federal income tax and the Federal Reserve System. During the campaign, Gritz openly proclaimed the United States to be a "Christian Nation", stating that the country's legal statutes “should reflect unashamed acceptance of Almighty God and His Laws." He received 106,152 votes nationwide, or only 0.14% of the popular vote. In two states he had a respectable showing for a third party candidate: Utah, where he received 3.84% of the vote and Idaho, where he received 2.13% of the vote. In some counties, his support topped 10%, and in Franklin County, Idaho, was only a few votes away from pushing Bill Clinton into fourth place in the county. His run on the America First/Populist Party ticket was prompted by his association with another far-right political Christian talk radio host, Tom Valentine.

Also during 1992, Gritz attracted national attention as mediator during the government standoff with Randy Weaver at Ruby Ridge, Idaho.

Controversial activities

In 1993, Gritz changed his emphasis again and began offering a course called SPIKE (Specially Prepared Individuals for Key Events), where those events oppose the New World Order, which taught paramilitary and survivalist skills because he predicted that there would be a total sociopolitical and economic collapse in the U.S. He also established a community in Kamiah, Idaho (contiguous to the Nez Percé reservation) called Almost Heaven.

Several times he used his influence and reputation in the Christian Patriot community in attempts to negotiate conclusions between legal authorities and far-Right activists. In August 1992, he intervened on behalf of Randy Weaver who, with his family, was holed up on his rural home in Ruby Ridge, Idaho, after U.S. Marshals attempted to arrest him on a weapons charge. The 11-day standoff, which resulted in the deaths of a U.S. Marshal and Weaver's son and wife, ended after Gritz convinced Weaver to leave his cabin and place his faith and trust in the court system. In 1996, he unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate a conclusion to the stand-off by the Montana Freemen, a group of Christian Patriot activists who were wanted on a collection of charges. After speaking with the "Freemen," he left in frustration, stating that they presented him with what he called "legal mumbo-jumbo" to support their claims, and cautioned others in the Patriot movement not to support them (the stand-off ended when the "Freemen" surrendered after 81 days).

He has been accused of white supremacy by some, although he renounced the belief in an interview with The Militia Watchdog, saying "I've served with black, white, yellow, brown, red; all religions; nobody ever asked you about your religion, your blood bleeds red the same as everyone else."

Subsequent activities

In 1998, Gritz organized a fruitless search for Atlanta Olympic and abortion-clinic bombing suspect Eric Rudolph in order to save Rudolph's life.

In 2005, Gritz became an active protester for intervention in the Terri Schiavo case. On 19 March 2005, when the tube was removed, he was arrested for trespassing after trying to enter the hospice where she lived.

Gritz remains active with a website and a radio broadcast called "Freedom Call" on The American Voice Radio Network via Internet Audio Streaming, Phone Bridge, Independent Am/FM and via the Free-to-air Ku band home satellite system on Galaxy 19.

Involvement with Mormonism

In 1984, Gritz and his wife Claudia were baptized into The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). However, in 1994, Gritz's stake president refused to renew Gritz's temple recommend until Gritz could prove that he had paid his federal income tax. In response, Gritz resigned his membership in the LDS Church.

In 1999, Gritz and his second wife Judy became involved in the Church of Israel, a group that originated within the Latter Day Saint movement and has since become involved with the Christian Identity movement.

Military awards

55px Silver Star with 4 oak leaf clusters

55px Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster

55px Bronze Star Medal with "V" device for valor, one silver and four bronze oak leaf clusters (10 awards)

55px Air Medal with "V" device for valor (25 awards including 2 for valor)

55px Army Commendation Medal with "V" device for valor and one oak leaf cluster (possibly more)

Presidential Unit Citation with oak leaf cluster

Meritorious Unit Commendation

Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry (unit award)

Vietnam Civil Actions Medal (unit award)

Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal

Vietnam Service Medal with one silver campaign star in lieu of five bronze service stars (possibly entitled to more)

Armed Forces Reserve Medal

National Order of Vietnam

Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with palm

Republic of Vietnam Honor Medal

Republic of Vietnam Staff Service Medal

Republic of Vietnam Wound Medal

Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal

Gold Medal of Cambodia 2 awards

Combat Infantryman Badge

Office of the Secretary of Defense Identification Badge

Pathfinder Badge

Master Parachutist Badge

Scuba Diver Badge

Salvage Diver Badge

Special Forces Tab

Ranger Tab

State of New York Conspicuous Service Cross (Numerous awards)

Note - The source for the above is the biography section on LTC Gritz's website ( http://www.bogritz.com/biography.htm ) which provides a list of awards received by LTC Gritz and a photograph of him in uniform. All awards listed above are either on list on in the photograph.

Cultural impact

The character of John "Hannibal" Smith on the 1980s television series ''The A-Team'' was loosely based on Gritz. In the early 1980s, actor William Shatner paid almost $15,000 for the entertainment rights to Gritz's life story. In the 1996 TV movie about the Ruby Ridge incident (''Ruby Ridge: An American Tragedy'' re-edited as ''The Siege at Ruby Ridge''), Bo Gritz was portrayed by Bob Gunton.

Gritz appears as himself in the 1998 BBC television documentary, Survivalists, part of the first series of Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends.

References

External links

Gritz's official website

Gritz's 1988 Feb 1 letter to VP Bush

http://theamericanvoice.com

Category:American University alumni Category:American activists Category:Members of the Special Forces of the United States Category:United States Army officers Category:People from Enid, Oklahoma Category:United States presidential candidates, 1992 Category:American military personnel of the Vietnam War Category:Vietnam War POW/MIA issues Category:1939 births Category:Living people Category:Converts to Mormonism Category:Former Latter Day Saints Category:Populist Party (United States, 1984) politicians Category:People from Lewis County, Idaho

Name	Esther Hicks
Birth date	March 5th 1948
Residence	San Antonio, Texas
Other names	Abraham
Known for	Author and public speaker for Abraham-Hicks teaching
Occupation	Author
Home town	Coalville, Utah
Spouse	Jerry Hicks
Children	Tracy Geer Ayers
Website	www.abraham-hicks.com
Footnotes	}}

Esther Hicks (born Esther Weaver) is an American inspirational speaker and best-selling author. She has co-authored nine books with her husband Jerry Hicks, presented workshops on the Law of Attraction and appeared in the first release of the film ''The Secret''. The Hicks' books, including the best-selling series ''The Law of Attraction'', are — according to Esther Hicks — "translated from a group of non-physical entities called Abraham." (Hicks describes what she is doing as tapping into "infinite intelligence").

Biography

Esther Hicks was born 1948 in Coalville, Utah. In 1980, she married her current husband, then a successful Amway distributor and former acrobat at a circus in Cuba, musician, MC and comedian, Jerry Hicks. She has one daughter, Tracy, by her former marriage.

Outline of Abraham–Hicks' teachings

Abraham-Hicks is a group of entities being channeled through Esther Hicks. Abraham has described themselves as “a group consciousness from the non-physical dimension.” They have also said, “We are that which you are. You are the leading edge of that which we are. We are that which is at the heart of all religions.” Abraham has told us through Esther that whenever we feel moments of great love, exhilaration, pure joy, stoned-out bliss, even the energy of sexual orgasm when we feel that Energy Flow rushing through our bodies, that is the energy of Source, and that is who Abraham “is”.

"Jerry and Esther never used the word channeling," Abraham reflects. "It is used when applied to them, but they have never used it, because it means many things of which they are not, you see."

"You could leave the channeling out of it. Call it inspiration; that's all it is. You don't call the basketball player a channeler, but he is; he's an extension of Source Energy. You don't call the surgeon a channeler, but he is. You don't call the musician, the magnificent master musician, you don't call him a channeler, but he is. He's channeling the broader essence of who he is into the specifics of what he is about."

Esther herself calls Abraham "infinite intelligence," and to Jerry they are "the purest form of love I've ever experienced." (from their website). Her teachings (referred to as Abraham–Hicks teachings) are based on this experience. The basic tenets of the teachings include that people create their own reality through their thoughts, that emotions are constantly guiding people toward where they want to go, and that life is supposed to be fun. The essence of Abraham–Hicks' teachings since 1986 has been presented as follows: Offical Website

Individuals are physical extensions of the non-physical.

People are in their bodies because they chose to be.

The basis of life is freedom; the purpose of life is joy.

People are creators; they create with their thoughts.

Whatever people can imagine is theirs to be, or do, or have.

Individuals choose their creations as they choose their thoughts.

Emotions indicate what people are creating.

The Universe adores people; it knows their broadest intentions.

Individuals should relax into their natural well-being, and know that all is well.

Life is not meant to be a struggle, but a process of allowing.

People are creators of "thoughtways" on their unique "paths of joy".

Actions and money are by-products of focusing on joy.

Individuals may depart their body without illness or pain.

People cannot die; their lives are everlasting.

A large part of Hicks' work centers around the Law of Attraction, a concept written about in the early 1900s by William Walker Atkinson (1862–1932), in his book Thought Vibration or the Law of Attraction in the Thought World (1906).

Film

Esther Hicks was a narrator and star of the original version of the film ''The Secret'', as well as a central source of the film's inspiration. The footage featuring Hicks was removed from the later "Extended Edition" after the film's creator Rhonda Byrne, who has been involved in contractual disputes and litigation regarding the film, rescinded the original contract covering Hicks' participation, and asked that Hicks relinquish her "intellectual property rights in these areas forever". In an open letter posted on the internet, Hicks stated that she had been "uncomfortable with what felt to us like a rather aggressive marketing campaign," and that ultimately Abraham gave her the following advice: "Whenever you are given an ultimatum that says, 'if you don't do this, then we will have to do such and such,' it is best that you just let it go and move on. Otherwise there is always another, and this, and this, and this?" The letter doesn't condemn Byrne, but clarifies why Hicks no longer appears in ''The Secret''.

Hicks has since posted a video on YouTube further explaining her discomfort with ''The Secret'' and finally, her decision to discontinue involvement with the film.

Books

Hay House, Inc. published the Hicks' best-selling book, ''Ask and It is Given'', in September, 2004. Since that book they have also published five more New York Times Best-Sellers: ''The Amazing Power of Deliberate Intent'' (January, 2006), ''The Law of Attraction'' (October, 2006), ''The Astonishing Power of Emotions'' (September, 2008), ''Money and the Law of Attraction: Learning to Attract Health, Wealth & Happiness'' which ranked #1 two weeks after its release in August 2008 and ''The Vortex: Where the Law of Attraction Assembles All Cooperative Relationships''. A series of fictional children's books, ''Sara I'', ''II'', and ''III'', is also available. Several of their books were translated into Spanish, French, Italian, German, Dutch, Swedish, Czech, Slovenian, Slovak, Serbian and Russian.

''A New Beginning I: Handbook for Joyous Survival'', by Jerry and Esther Hicks. Published by Abraham–Hicks Publications, 5th edition, 1988. ISBN 0962121932.

''A New Beginning II: A Personal Handbook to Enhance Your Life, Liberty and Pursuit of Happiness'', by Jerry and Esther Hicks. Published by Abraham–Hicks Publications, 1991. ISBN 0962121916.

''Sara and the Foreverness of Friends of a Feather'', by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Abraham–Hicks Publications, 1995. ISBN 0962121940.

''Ask and It Is Given: Learning to Manifest Your Desires'' by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Hay House, 2005. ISBN 1401907997.

''The Amazing Power of Deliberate Intent: Living the Art of Allowing'', by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Contributor Louise L. Hay. Published by Hay House, 2005.ISBN 1401906958.

''The Law of Attraction: The Basics of the Teachings of Abraham'' Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Hay House, 2006. ISBN 1401912273.

''Sara, Book 1: Sara Learns the Secret about the Law of Attraction'', by Esther and Jerry Hicks, Illustr. by Caroline S. Garrett. Published by Hay House, 2007. ISBN 1401911587.

''Sara, Book 2: Solomon's Fine Featherless Friends'', by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Illustr. by Caroline S. Garrett. Published by Hay House Inc, 2007. ISBN 1401911595.

''Sara, Book 3: A Talking Owl Is Worth a Thousand Words!'', by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Illustr. by Caroline S. Garrett. Published by Hay House Inc, 2008. ISBN 1401911609.

''Money and the Law of Attraction: Learning to Attract Health, Wealth & Happiness'' by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Hay House, 2008. ISBN 1401918816.

''The Vortex: Where the Law of Attraction Assembles All Cooperative Relationships'' by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Published by Hay House, 2009. ISBN 1401918751.

''Getting Into The Vortex: Guided Meditations CD and User Guide [Hardcover]'' by Esther and Jerry Hicks. Release date November 15, 2010. Published by Hay House, 2009. ISBN 9781401931698.

See also

Channelling (mediumistic)

Jane Roberts

References

External links

Abraham–Hicks Official Website

Abraham–Hicks officially released videos on YouTube

''Introductory Tape'' as an MP3 download on the official Abraham–Hicks site — A 75 minute introductory audio released under the Creative Commons license. It summarizes how the Hicks' were introduced to Abraham.

Category:Living people Category:American children's writers Category:American metaphysics writers Category:American spiritual teachers Category:American spiritual writers Category:Channellers Category:New Thought writers Category:New Age writers Category:American spiritual mediums Category:People from San Antonio, Texas Category:1948 births

it:Esther Hicks no:Esther Hicks

Name	Mary J. Ruwart, Ph.D.
Birth date	October 16, 1949
Birth place	Detroit, Michigan
Occupation	author, assistant professor, scientist, doctor
Best seller	''Healing Our World in an Age of Aggression''
Influences	Ayn Rand, Linda & Morris Tannehill, Jesus of Nazareth}}

Mary J. Ruwart, Ph. D. (born October 16, 1949) is a research scientist and libertarian speaker, writer, and activist. She was a leading candidate for the 2008 Libertarian Party presidential nomination and is the author of the award-winning international bestseller "Healing Our World."

Biography

Born in Detroit, Ruwart holds an undergraduate degree in biochemistry (B.S., 1970), and a graduate degree in biophysics (Ph.D., 1974) from Michigan State University. After a brief term as an Assistant Professor of Surgery at St. Louis University Medical School, Ruwart spent 19 years as a pharmaceutical research scientist for Upjohn Pharmaceuticals, and has written extensively on the subjects of government regulation of the drug industry and on libertarian communication.

In 1992, Ruwart published her best-selling book ''Healing Our World: The Other Piece of the Puzzle'' (ISBN 0-9632336-2-9); in 2003, the third edition was published, retitled ''Healing Our World in an Age of Aggression'' (ISBN 0-9632336-6-1). In the afterword of the third edition of ''Healing Our World'', Ruwart describes the experience of her sister's death, an assisted suicide facilitated by Jack Kevorkian.

Libertarian activism and candidacies

A member of the Libertarian Party, Ruwart campaigned unsuccessfully for the party's presidential nomination in 1984 and for the vice-presidential nomination in 1992. Ruwart was the Libertarian Party of Texas's nominee for U.S. Senate in 2000, where she faced incumbent Republican Kay Bailey Hutchison; Ruwart polled 1.16% of the popular vote (72,798 votes), finishing fourth of four candidates behind Green Party candidate Douglas Sandage.

Ruwart has served on the Libertarian National Committee, and was a keynote speaker at the 2004 Libertarian National Convention. In 2002, libertarians launched an unsuccessful lobbying campaign to get Dr. Ruwart appointed Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Commissioner. Additionally, Ruwart has served on the boards of the International Society for Individual Liberty, the Fully Informed Jury Association, and the Michigan chapter of the Heartland Institute. She is part of the anarcho-capitalist wing of the LP. Ruwart is a longtime supporter of the Free State Project and officially endorsed it on May 17, 2008 while on-air on Free Talk Live.

Ruwart has filed to run for Texas Comptroller in 2010 against incumbent Republican Susan Combs. She will be competing against Edward Lindsay of the Green Party.

2008 presidential campaign

In March 2008, in response to an informal draft effort by a group of Libertarian Party activists, Ruwart announced her candidacy for the Libertarian presidential nomination in the 2008 election. She lost the nomination to Bob Barr on the sixth ballot at the 2008 Libertarian National Convention on May 25, 2008. Despite tying with Barr on the third and fourth ballots and taking the lead on the fifth, she ultimately lost after third-placed candidate Wayne Allyn Root threw his support behind Barr. Root later received the vice-presidential nomination.

References

External links

Ruwart's home page

Official 2008 campaign website

Candidate profile at Project Vote Smart

Draft Mary Ruwart for President 2012

Category:1949 births Category:Living people Category:American activists Category:American anarchists Category:American political writers Category:American women writers Category:Anarcho-capitalists Category:Female United States presidential candidates Category:Michigan State University alumni Category:People from Detroit, Michigan Category:Texas Libertarians Category:United States presidential candidates, 1984 Category:United States presidential candidates, 2008 Category:United States vice-presidential candidates, 1992

es:Mary Ruwart

name	Richard Weitz
occupation	Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Political-Military Analysis at the Hudson Institute }}

Richard Weitz is a Senior Fellow and Director of the Center for Political-Military Analysis at Hudson Institute. His current areas of research include defense reform, nuclear nonproliferation, homeland security, and U.S. policies towards Europe, the former Soviet Union, Asia, and the Middle East. Dr. Weitz currently serves as head of the Case Studies Working Group of the Project on National Security Reform.

From 2003 to 2005, Dr. Weitz was a Senior Staff Member at the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis. There he assessed methods to deter rogue states and non-state actors from using weapons of mass destruction. From 2002 to 2004, Dr. Weitz was a consultant for the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Defense Science Board, and DFI International, Inc. He also has held positions with the Center for Strategic Studies, the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, and the U.S. Department of Defense.

Dr. Weitz is a graduate of Harvard College (B.A. with Highest Honors in Government), the London School of Economics (M.Sc. in International Relations), Oxford University (M.Phil. in Politics), and Harvard University (Ph.D. in Political Science). He is proficient in Russian, French, and German.

Career and Publications

Dr. Weitz has written extensively in such journals as The National Interest, The Washington Quarterly, NATO Review, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Defense Concepts, and the Journal of Strategic Studies. His commentaries have appeared in the International Herald Tribune, Baltimore Sun, The Guardian, Washington Times, Wall Street Journal (Europe), and many Internet-based publications such as those of the WashingtonPost.com and World Politics Review, where he is a contributing editor. Dr. Weitz has appeared on the BBC, CNN, C-SPAN, ABC, MSNBC, CBC Television, CTV, Al-Hurra, Al-Jazeera, Voice of America, Pacifica Radio, and additional broadcast media. He has delivered numerous presentations at conferences, panels, and other events.

Dr. Weitz has published or edited several books and monographs, including China-Russia Security Relations: Strategic Parallelism without Partnership or Passion (Strategic Studies Institute of the US Army War College, 2008); Kazakhstan and the New International Politics of Eurasia (Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, 2008); Mismanaging Mayhem: How Washington Responds to Crisis [co-editor with James Carafano] (Praeger Security International, 2008); The Reserve Policies of Nations: A Comparative Analysis (Strategic Studies Institute, 2007); and Revitalising US–Russian Security Cooperation: Practical Measures (London: Routledge for The International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2005).

External links

Weitz's biography on the Hudson Institute website

Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Living people Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics Category:Alumni of the University of Oxford Category:Harvard University alumni